{"id":5734,"date":"2022-02-25T05:07:54","date_gmt":"2022-02-25T05:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?page_id=5734"},"modified":"2022-02-25T09:21:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T09:21:29","slug":"management-science-art-profession","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/","title":{"rendered":"Management as Science, Art &#038; Profession"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5734\" class=\"elementor elementor-5734\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e67c572 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e67c572\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-675cb9e\" data-id=\"675cb9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68da7f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"68da7f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5752\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeec20d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeec20d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04d23d1\" data-id=\"04d23d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-340d044 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"340d044\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Science is a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a specific field of study. It established cause and effect relationship between tow or more variables and underlines the principles governing their relationship.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Science is characterized by main features:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Universally accepted principles:<\/strong> Scientific principles are applied in all situations, at all time and places e.g., Low of gravitations. Management also contains some fundamental principles which can be applied universally like the principle of unity of command- i.e., one man, one boss.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Experimentation and observation: <\/strong>Principles are based on logic. E.g., the principles that earth goes round the sun has been scientifically proved. Management principles are also developed through practical experiences and experiments of large no. of managers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cause and effect relationship: <\/strong>Principles of science lay down cause and effect relationship between various variables. The same is true for management e.g., lack of parity (balance) between authority and responsibility will lead to ineffectiveness.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Test of validity and predictability:<\/strong> Validity of scientific principles can be tested at any time or any number of times i.e, they stand the test of time. Each time these tests will give same result. Similarly, principles of management can also be tested for validity.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MANAGEMENT AS AN ART:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Art is defined as the use of skills to bring a desired result.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Features that make management an art.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Use of theoretical knowledge:<\/strong> Art of learned and applied. Generally, in art, more emphasis is given on acquiring knowledge through practical experience. In management also, knowledge is acquired both through study and experience. Thus, management is an art.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Personalised application of knowledge:<\/strong> As each of the artists has a personal style and approach towards their task. Similarly, management is a personalized art. Each manager has his own ways of managing and directing tasks as per their knowledge.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Goal-oriented:<\/strong> all these forms of art are result oriented as it looks to acquire concrete results. Management is also managed towards the accomplishment of pre-decided goals.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Perfection through practice:<\/strong> As an artist becomes more and more accomplished through continuous practice. In a similar sense, manager learn through the art of trial and error at first and makes them perfect in the tasks of managing.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MANAGEMENT AS A PROFESSION:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A profession may be defined as an occupation that requires specialised knowledge, skills and training and its usage for large interests of the society.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The essentials of a profession are:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Specialised knowledge<\/strong>: A profession must have a systematic body of knowledge that c nabe used for development of professionals. Similarly, a manager must have devotion and involvement to acquire expertise in the science of management.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Formal education and training:<\/strong> There are number of institutes and universities to impart education and training for a profession. Many institutes have been set up for imparting education and training for e.g., CA and <\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Service motive:<\/strong> Professionals are primarily motivated by the desire to serve the society. Similarly, a manager is responsible not only to its owner but also to the society.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Code of conduct:<\/strong> Members of a profession have to abide by a code of conduct which contains certain rules and regulations, norms of honesty, integrity and special ethics. Any member violating the code of conduct can be punished.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Representative association:<\/strong> For the regulation of profession, existence of representative body is a must. For e.g., ICAI administers standard of competence of the auditors.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd3b336 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd3b336\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b89e09\" data-id=\"1b89e09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9580eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9580eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"530\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/levels-of-management.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5769\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/levels-of-management.png 530w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/levels-of-management-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fefdcc4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fefdcc4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4bdb8a\" data-id=\"f4bdb8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb038d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb038d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They comprise of the senior-most executives of the company and are normally regarded as CEO, COO, president and VP. They are accountable for the progress and continuation of the establishment. They are held responsible for all the pursuits of the company.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is a connection between top and lower-level managers. They are lower to the top managers and above to the first line managers. Their principle task is to bring out the plans formed by the top managers. For this purpose, they have to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Understand the procedures outlined by the top management<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Designate certain tasks and duties to workers and drive them to accomplish the objectives.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Interact with other departments for the stable operation of the company.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>LOWER-LEVEL MANAGEMENT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supervisory management performs a significant task in the system since they coordinate with the genuine workforce and move in directions of the middle management to the employees.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This level consists of:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supervisors<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">foremen<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Inspectors<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Functions performed at the lower level of management:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Providing on the job training to the workers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ensuring good performance of the workers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Influence others to work more by setting an example.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Act as a link between the management and the workers.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Scope of management specifies the organisational functions in which management is relevant. It defines the responsibilities, concepts, theories and principles related to managerial functions.<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Financial Management:<\/strong> This area deals with the record keeping of various transactions and management of financial resources. It includes preparation and examination of financial statements, and to show the working of results and financial position of the organisation.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Marketing Management:<\/strong> It includes the distribution of organisation\u2019s products to the buyers. It ensures that available resources are properly utilized and the best possible outcome are achieved.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Personnel\/Human Resource Management:<\/strong> As the name suggests \u2013 deals with personnel in a business environment. It includes their recruitment, training and development, wage and salary administration, transfer, welfare and security.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Production Management:<\/strong> This type of management refers to the process of creating utilities. This area is normally kept under the control of production\/operations manager who is responsible for the performance of entire related activities. It includes quality control, research and development and plan layout.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Office Management:<\/strong> This includes controlling and co-ordinating all office activities to achieve an organisation\u2019s goal. The more organised the departments and responsibilities are the more effective an organisation is.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>NATURE OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Management is a process which brings the scarce human and material resources together and motivates people for the achievement of objectives of the organisation. Management is not a one-time act but an on-going series of inter-related activities. The sum of these activities is known as management process.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Social process:<\/strong> the entire management process is regarded as a social process as the success of all organisational efforts depends upon the willing co-operation of people. Managers guides direct, influence and control the actions of others to achieve stated goals.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Continuous process:<\/strong> The process of management is on-going and continuous. Managers take up one or the other function continuously. It is repeated over and over again.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Universal:<\/strong> Management functions are universal in the sense that a manager has to perform them irrespective of the size and nature of the organisation. Even in a non-business organisation, managerial functions are the same.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Iterative:<\/strong> All managerial functions are composite and integrated. There can not be any sequence which can be strictly followed for performing various functions. Any function may be taken up first or many functions may be taken up at the same time.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE: Science is a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a specific field of study. It established cause and effect relationship between tow or more variables and underlines the principles governing their relationship. Science is characterized by main features: Universally accepted principles: Scientific principles are applied in all situations, at all time [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":113,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5734","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Management as Science, Art &amp; Profession - IHMNOTESSITE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Management as Science, Art &amp; Profession - IHMNOTESSITE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IHMNOTESSITE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-25T09:21:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/\",\"name\":\"Management as Science, Art & Profession - IHMNOTESSITE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-25T05:07:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-25T09:21:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":600},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"IHM NOTES\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"HM NOTES\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"BHMCT 3RD YEAR\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Management as Science, Art &#038; Profession\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/\",\"name\":\"IHMNOTESSITE\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"IHMNOTESSITE\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hm-notes.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hm-notes.png\",\"width\":234,\"height\":147,\"caption\":\"IHMNOTESSITE\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Management as Science, Art & Profession - IHMNOTESSITE","description":"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Management as Science, Art & Profession - IHMNOTESSITE","og_description":"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management","og_url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/","og_site_name":"IHMNOTESSITE","article_modified_time":"2022-02-25T09:21:29+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/","name":"Management as Science, Art & Profession - IHMNOTESSITE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg","datePublished":"2022-02-25T05:07:54+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-25T09:21:29+00:00","description":"Management as a Science, an Art, or a Profession, Level and scope of management","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Management-Art-Science-Profession.jpg","width":1000,"height":600},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/management-science-art-profession\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"IHM NOTES","item":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"HM NOTES","item":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"BHMCT 3RD YEAR","item":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-3rd-year\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Management as Science, Art &#038; Profession"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/","name":"IHMNOTESSITE","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#organization","name":"IHMNOTESSITE","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hm-notes.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/hm-notes.png","width":234,"height":147,"caption":"IHMNOTESSITE"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5734"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5772,"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5734\/revisions\/5772"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}