{"id":5630,"date":"2022-02-20T04:59:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-20T04:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?page_id=5630"},"modified":"2022-02-20T05:04:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T05:04:00","slug":"pollution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-1st-year\/housekeeping-foundation-1\/pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"POLLUTION"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5630\" class=\"elementor elementor-5630\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-763c25d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"763c25d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1189833\" data-id=\"1189833\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-434b726 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"434b726\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/POLLUTION.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5635\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/POLLUTION.jpg 820w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/POLLUTION-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/POLLUTION-768x421.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6744ac0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6744ac0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b37fcd8\" data-id=\"b37fcd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167090e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"167090e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14px;\">Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change, in the form of killing of life, toxicity of environment, damage to ecosystem and aesthetics of our surrounding. \u00a0An unwanted change in the environment which involves the physical, biological and chemical changes involving air, water and land which affects the human life in one way or the other\u201d.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pollution has become a serious issue after World War II in developing countries due to unchecked rapid industrialization. Pollution is the root cause of many diseases that kill and disable living organisms.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>POLLUTION ACTS AND RULES IN INDIA: (LEGAL REQUIREMENTS)<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The air (prevention and control of) pollution act.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The air (prevention and control of) pollution rules.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Environment Protection Act.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Environment Protection Rules.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The water (protection and control of) pollution act.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The water (pollution) rules.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The public liability insurance act.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The public liability insurance rules.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>TYPES OF POLLUTION<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Air Pollution<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Water Pollution.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise Pollution.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Littering (spilling of oils in oceans)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soil contamination (by lead, heavy metals)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Radioactive contamination.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thermal pollution.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Visual Pollution.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>AIR POLLUTION<\/strong>:<\/span><\/em><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">One has to inhale pure, clean air, free from pollutants to survive. Minimum rate of fresh air for restaurants, dining halls is 25 m<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>\/head \/ hour. Fine particles of less than 15 microns can bypass the human body respiratory filters and penetrate into the lungs. The toxic substances could be Creosols, chlorinated benzenes, alkyl epoxide, paraffins, Nitro-benzenes, butadines etc.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The un-natural sources of air pollution are: Combustion of fuels and solid waste, emissions from vehicles, industrial effluents, pesticides, agricultural chemicals etc.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Quality of air inside the hotels: The quality of air inside the buildings is a combination of pollution from the outside air brought inside along with the ventilation air and the pollutants generated from sources \/ activities within the buildings. Proper ventilation is required to control the moisture \/ humidity, dispose of surplus heat, remove micro-organisms and remove odours \/ vapours \/ smoke. Control of pollutants can be done by installing filters (dust and particulate), water screens, cyclone separators etc.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sources Of Air Pollution\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Household combustion devices.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Motor vehicles.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Industrial facilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Forest fires\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pollutants causing Air Pollution\u2026\u2026\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Include particulate matter. (Particulate matter is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air many of which are hazardous. This complex mixture includes both organic and inorganic particles, such as dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets.)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Carbon monoxide.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nitrogen dioxide\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sulphur dioxide\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Harmful effects of Air Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Effects on cardiovascular health<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Effects on breathing (asthma).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Links to cancer<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Effects on children\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>How to control air pollution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The chimneys should be constructed tall in size so that the emissions must be released higher up in the environment\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The sulphur must be removed after burning.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The gasoline must have anti knocking agents.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The mining area should be planted with trees.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The coal fuel should be replaced with gas fuel to control the air pollution. \u2022<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The automobiles must be designed with emission control system.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The wastes must be removed and recycled in the industrial plants and refineries.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plants like pine and ribes need to be planted to metabolize the nitrogen oxides and other pollutants.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and also minimizes fuel exhaustion<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Using public transportation helps to prevent the air pollution\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Using alternative energy sources like solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind energy\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>WATER POLLUTION<\/strong>:<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The primary concern with water pollution is due to items that make the water non-potable. Sewage treatment, thermal discharges could have effect on the safe drinking water. Other sources of pollution are: Oil waste, drainage, swimming pools, industrial effluents, fertilizers etc. Control of water pollution can be done by sewage treatment plants, pre-treatment filtration, sedimentation, chlorination, coagulation, activated sludge process, membrane separation, aeration etc.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Polluted Water comes from &#8230;.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Domestic sewage.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Industrial wastewater.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agricultural wastewater.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Construction site stormwater.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Urban runoff (stormwater).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plastics\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pesticides\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Heavy metals\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sewage<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Radioactive waste\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thermal effluents Water Pollutants\u2026<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Detergents\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chloroform\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Food processing waste, (fats and grease)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Insecticides and herbicides.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Petroleum hydrocarbons, (gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lubricants (motor oil).\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">From stormwater runoff.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0Preventing Water Pollution\u2026\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Conserve water by turning off the tap.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mind what you throw down your sink or toilet.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Don\u2019t throw paints and oils in water channels.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use environment friendly household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents etc.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Don\u2019t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Treating Polluted Water<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suspended, solid particles and inorganic material can be removed by the use of filters.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use of biological filters and processes can naturally degrade the organic waste material.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">After above two steps chemical additives are supplied to get rid of any left-over impurities.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>LIGHT POLLUTION\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Light pollution, also known as photo pollution or luminous pollution, is excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial light.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0Light pollution Causes..<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial Lights Disrupt the World&#8217;s Ecosystems.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nocturnal animals sleep during the day and are active at night.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Light pollution radically alters their nighttime environment by turning night into day.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial lights disrupt this nocturnal activity, interfering with reproduction and reducing populations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0Controlling Light Pollution.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Excessive lighting should be avoided.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For Lighting an applicable design should be followed.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Light engineering should be applied for streets.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>NOISE POLLUTION<\/strong>:<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h3><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise may be defined as unwanted sound. The unit used for measuring sound is decibel, dB.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Effects of noise:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise annoys<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise distracts<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise disturbs<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High decibel noise can lead to deafness<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Creates uncomfortable living conditions<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reduces efficiency \/ productivity of individuals<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Leads to physical fatigue<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Leads to nervous strains, psychological disorders<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reduction in gastric activity, dizziness.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sources of Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Machines.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Transportation systems.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Motor vehicles.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Aircrafts.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Trains.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poor urban planning.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Effects of Noise Pollution<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise pollution affects both health and behavior.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological health.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Noise pollution can cause<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Annoyance\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Aggression .\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hypertension .\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">High stress levels .<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hearing loss.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstrate significantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">SOIL POLLUTION<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is typically caused by industrial activity.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agricultural chemicals.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Improper disposal of waste. Soil Contaminating Chemical<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Petroleum hydrocarbons.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pesticides\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lead and Other heavy metals.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>How to control soil pollution?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Awareness about biological control methods and their implementation\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The grazing must be controlled and forest management should be done properly<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The afforestation and reforestation must take place\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proper preventive methods like shields should be used in areas of wind erosion and wind breaks\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Treating Wastes of industries.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Treating nuclear waste.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proper disposing of plastics and other garbage materials.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>THERMAL POLLUTION\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h3><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen supply and affects ecosystem composition.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by an abrupt change in water temperature (either a rapid increase or decrease) known as &#8220;thermal shock.&#8221;<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change, in the form of killing of life, toxicity of environment, damage to ecosystem and aesthetics of our surrounding. \u00a0An unwanted change in the environment which involves the physical, biological and chemical changes involving air, water and land which affects the human 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