{"id":4052,"date":"2021-07-01T06:51:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T05:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?page_id=4052"},"modified":"2021-07-01T07:01:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T06:01:44","slug":"milk-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-1st-year\/food-production-2nd-sem-2\/milk-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Milk"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4052\" class=\"elementor elementor-4052\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ef8804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ef8804\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32c917b\" data-id=\"32c917b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5749b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e5749b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/milk.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4053\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/milk.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/milk-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/milk-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-684b068 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"684b068\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e747457\" data-id=\"e747457\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50cac1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50cac1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Milk: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">is one of the most basic of all food. Milk constitute a complete diet and even for adults, cow\u2019s milk includes many essential nutrients particularly calcium.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>SOURCE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mankind from time immemorial has used the milk of animals. The milk of cow, buffalo and goat is generally used. In some countries, milk of sheep, mare and camel is also used.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Milk represents a major ingredient in our diet- poured over cereals, drunk in glasses, in tea and coffee- but it also enters the composition of many dishes especially desserts such as ice cream, custard, pancakes, rice puddings etc. it is particularly high in calcium, but it is also fairly in fat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>COMPOSITION<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Whole milk \u2013 that is, milk comes from the cow- is composed of water ( 88%), milk fat ( 3.25 %),\u00a0\u00a0other milk solids( protein, lactose and minerals)- 8.25%.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are many types of milk consumed though mostly it is cow\u2019s milk, goat\u2019s milk and sheep\u2019s milk.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>HISTORY OF MILK<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Milk can be defined as a white opaque slightly sweet nutritious liquid secreted by the mammary glands, Milk has always been a symbol of fertility and wealth since biblical times and the promised land was described to be flowing with milk and honey.\u00a0\u00a0In India and Asia, zebus and water-buffalo\u2019s milk were considered sacred while the Romans and the Greeks were partial to the goat\u2019s and ewe\u2019s milk they also drank mares, camels, and asses milk.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Milk has a flourishing population of microbes. This is vital for natural coagulation of milk, but it can be harmful that is why various methods are used to pasteurize or sterilize the milk, thus avoiding deterioration and prolonging the length of time it can be stored.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\"><strong><span>TYPES OF MILK<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.<b>Pasteurized milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Milk is heated to 71.7 degree C to crease bacteria growth and then cooled immediately.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It contains around 3.9% fats. Most commercial milk and cream are pasteurized.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.<b>Homogenized milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In this type of milk fat molecules remains suspended in the milk or cream.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is done by forcing the milk through a series of extremely small holes to separates the fat particles into small pieces.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">So that they resultant milk does not readily separate. It gives a better quality to use.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.<b>UHT (Ultra Heat Treated):<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Homogenized milk heated at 172 degree C for 1 sec and then packed in sterilized conditions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is also bacteria free milk.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4.<b>Sterilized milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Homogenized milk which is boiled at 115 degree C to 130 degree C and stored at 50 degree C. it is done to make the milk bacteria free.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5.<b>Fortified milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>M<\/b>ilk with addition of vitamins A and D, and others extra non fat solids.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6.<b>Skimmed or non fat milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it has a most or all of the fat removed from the milk.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It contains 0.5 -2% fat. However it can\u2019t be a substitute for whole milk in the making of the soup, sauce, dessert and others culinary preparations.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7.<b>Flavored milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">this type of milk is added with a distinguish flavoring ingredient like coffee, chocolate, vanilla, cardamom, strawberry etc. they are available in commercially ready to use packs or bottles.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8.<b>Condensed milk:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The milk boiled and reduces till it achieves the thick consistency usually one third.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It contains maximum percent of milk solids.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9.<b>Dry milk powder:<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it contains all the necessary milk solids and contents. It has 5% of moisture in it.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is the costliest one from all the above mentioned types of milk.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>PASTEURIZATION PROCESS\/STEPS<\/b><\/span><\/p><ul><li>Milking is done twice a day, the process is mechanical in big farms. Temperature and taste of the milk is checked at this stage<\/li><li>The milk is transferred to large refrigerated tanks in which it is transported to the processing units through huge trucks.<\/li><li>Separation and clarification of the milk takes place in separators to separate milk from germs and useless remains.<\/li><li>Fortification of milk with minerals and vitamins takes place after separation and clarification<\/li><li>Pasteurization of the milk takes place which involves heating the milk to kill harmful microorganisms<\/li><li>Homogenization removes fat from the milk<\/li><li>Milk is then packed in cartons or plastic covers. Labelling is done with the expiry date and the packs are distributed to different states<\/li><li>Pasteurization refers to the process of heating a liquid to below the boiling point to destroy microorganisms.<\/li><li>The process was named after its developer, Louis Pasteur who implied it initially to improve the keeping quality of the wine.<\/li><li>The main motto behind pasteurization was to control tuberculosis causing bacteria, which is no longer a concern as cows are tested for TB annually and removed from herds and treated if shown positive.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a7840c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a7840c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ecc2d8d\" data-id=\"ecc2d8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6dd024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a6dd024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"538\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PASTEURIZATION.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4060\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PASTEURIZATION.png 538w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PASTEURIZATION-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Milk: is one of the most basic of all food. Milk constitute a complete diet and even for adults, cow\u2019s milk includes many essential nutrients particularly calcium. SOURCE Mankind from time immemorial has used the milk of animals. The milk of cow, buffalo and goat is generally used. In some countries, milk of sheep, mare [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":398,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4052","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - 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