{"id":2818,"date":"2020-10-21T13:04:54","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T12:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?page_id=2818"},"modified":"2020-10-21T13:08:48","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T12:08:48","slug":"wines-of-south-africa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"WINES OF SOUTH AFRICA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2818\" class=\"elementor elementor-2818\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f11c802 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f11c802\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aeeabeb\" data-id=\"aeeabeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a91eb83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a91eb83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2821\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6deb686 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6deb686\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd3c3a3\" data-id=\"dd3c3a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d632dd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d632dd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>INTRODUCTION &amp; HISTORY<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>South African wine<\/strong>has a history dating back to 1659, with the first bottle produced in\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Town\">Cape Town<\/a>\u00a0by its founder\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jan_van_Riebeeck\">Jan van Riebeeck<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The roots of the South African wine industry can be traced to the explorations of the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_East_India_Company\">Dutch East India Company<\/a>, which established a supply station in what is now\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Town\">Cape Town<\/a>. A Dutch surgeon,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jan_van_Riebeeck\">Jan van Riebeeck<\/a>, was assigned the task of managing the station and planting vineyards to produce wines and grapes.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This was intended to ward off\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scurvy\">scurvy<\/a>amongst sailors during their voyages along the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spice_route\">spice route<\/a>\u00a0to India and the East. The first\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harvest_(wine)\">harvest<\/a>\u00a0was made on 2 February 1659 (as noted in Van Riebeeck&#8217;s log) seven years after the landing in 1652<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are about 60\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appellations\">appellations<\/a>within the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wine_of_Origin\">Wine of Origin<\/a>\u00a0(WO) system, which was implemented in 1973 with a hierarchy of designated production regions, districts and wards. WO wines must only contain grapes from the specific area of origin. &#8220;Single vineyard&#8221; wines must come from a defined area of less than 5 hectares.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An &#8220;Estate Wine&#8221; can come from adjacent farms if they are farmed together and wine is produced on site.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A ward is an area with a distinctive soil type or climate and is roughly equivalent to a European appellation.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In 1685, he purchased a large 750 hectares (1,900 acres) estate just outside Cape Town, establishing the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groot_Constantia\">Constantia<\/a>wine estate. After Van der Stel&#8217;s death, the estate fell into disrepair, but was revived in 1778 when it was purchased by\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hendrik_Cloete&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Hendrik Cloete<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the South African wine industry received minimal international attention in 20<sup>th<\/sup><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In 1990, less than 30% of all the grapes\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harvested_(wine)\">harvested<\/a>\u00a0were used for wine production meant for the consumer market with the remaining 70% being distilled into brandy, sold as\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_grapes\">table grapes<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grape_juice\">juice<\/a>, or discarded. By 2003, the numbers had been reversed with more than 70% of the grapes harvested that year reaching the consumer market as wine.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHY<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">South Africa is located at the tip of the African continent with most wine regions located near the coastal influences of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The climate is marked by intense sunlight and dry heat.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Winters tend to be cold and wet with potential snowfall at higher elevations. The threat of springtime frost is rare with most wine regions seeing a warm\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Growing_season_(vine)\">growing season<\/a>between November and April.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benguela_current\">Benguela current<\/a>from Antarctica brings cool air off the south Atlantic coast that allows the mean temperatures of the area to be lower than regions of comparable latitude.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A strong wind current, known as the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Doctor\">Cape Doctor<\/a>, brings gale force winds to the wine regions in the Cape which have the positive benefit of limiting the risk of various mildew and fungal\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grape_disease\">grape disease<\/a>as well as tempering\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humidity\">humidity<\/a>, but can also damage grapevines that are not protected<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">During the harvest months of February and March, the average daily temperatures in many South African wine regions is 23\u00a0\u00b0C (73\u00a0\u00b0F) with spikes up to 40\u00a0\u00b0C (104\u00a0\u00b0F) not uncommon in the warm inland river valleys around the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breede_(river)\">Breede<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olifants_(river)\">Olifants<\/a>and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orange_River\">Orange Rivers<\/a>.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The wine regions of South Africa are spread out over the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Cape\">Western<\/a>and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Cape\">Northern Cape<\/a>\u00a0regions, covering 500 kilometres (310\u00a0mi) west to east and 680 kilometres (420\u00a0mi) north-south.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The soils of South Africa tend to retain moisture and drain well, having a significant proportion of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clay\">clay<\/a>(often at least 25% of the composition) with low\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PH_level\">pH levels<\/a>\u00a0around 4. The pH levels of the soils are often adjusted with\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lime_(material)\">lime<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calcium\">calcium<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Near the river valleys, the soils are particularly lime rich with a high proportion of sand and shale<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>REGIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">wine is grown throughout the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Cape_wine\">Western Cape<\/a>\u00a0and in parts of the Northern Cape,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KwaZulu-Natal\">KwaZulu-Natal<\/a>\u00a0and Eastern Cape regions<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>CONSTANTIA:<\/strong> in the summer where average daily temperatures fall between 18\u201319\u00a0\u00b0C (64\u201366\u00a0\u00b0F). The soil of the region is composed primarily of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Table_Mountain_sandstone\">Table Mountain sandstone<\/a>with high concentrations of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loam\">loam<\/a>\u00a0and granite. The area grows a wide range of grapes with\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sauvignon_blanc\">Sauvignon blanc<\/a>,<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>STELLENBOSCH:<\/strong> is responsible for around 14% of the country&#8217;s annual wine production. Vineyard soil types range from decomposed granite on the hillside near the mountains to\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sand\">sandy<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alluvial\">alluvial<\/a>loam in the valleys near the rivers. The seven wards of Stellenbosch-<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Banghoek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Banghoek<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Bottelary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Bottelary<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Devon_Valley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Devon Valley<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Jonkershoek_Valley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Jonkershoek Valley<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Papegaaiberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Papegaaiberg<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Polkadraai_Hills&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Polkadraai Hills<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Simonsberg-Stellenbosch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Simonsberg-Stellenbosch<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 are well known for their red wine production- particularly Cabernet Sauvignon,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merlot\">Merlot<\/a>,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinotage\">Pinotage<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrah\">Shiraz<\/a>. Simonsberg was the first wine ward to gain individual distinction. White wine production centres on Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc which are often blended together.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>PAARL:<\/strong> The fortified wine produced in Paarl<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>FRANSCHHOEK VALLEY:<\/strong> includes some higher elevation vineyard sites which can produce full flavoured white wines with noticeable\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acidity_(wine)\">acidity<\/a> Franschhoek will soon be South Africa&#8217;s first wine region to form a classification system (Appellation Grand Prestige) for its wines, with\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semillon\">Semillon<\/a>, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon being identified as the area&#8217;s most tried-and-trusted grapes over a number of decades.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>BREEDE RIVER VALLEY:<\/strong> is a warm climate region that can be very dry and arid in some places. Temperatures during the summer growing season are normally around 22\u00a0\u00b0C (72\u00a0\u00b0F). The\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonnievale,_Western_Cape\">Bonnievale<\/a>\u00a0ward is the most notable sub-region of Robertson, noted for its Chardonnay and Shiraz wines. produce sizeable amounts of fortified wine as well as\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscadel\">Muscadel<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanepoot\">Hanepoot<\/a>\u00a0based\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dessert_wine\">dessert wines<\/a>. In recent years, the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Slanghoek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Slanghoek<\/a>\u00a0ward and the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breedekloof\">Breedekloof<\/a>\u00a0district have been successful growing\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Botrytised&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">botrytised<\/a>\u00a0and dry Sauvignon blanc wines. The Worcester district is home to nearly half of all the Semillon, and a third of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruby_Cabernet\">Ruby Cabernet<\/a>, planted in South Africa with sizeable plantings of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombard\">Colombard<\/a>\u00a0and Chenin blanc.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>OVERBERG:<\/strong> increased plantings of Chardonnay and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinot_noir\">Pinot noir<\/a>. he\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maritime_climate_(wine)\">maritime climate<\/a>of Walker Bay and the cool, higher elevation vineyards of Elgin located east of Cape Town, have had success producing these varietals as well as Sauvignon blanc.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>OTHER NOTABLE REGIONS:<\/strong> The\u00a0Klein Karoo\u00a0region (meaning\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Karoo\">Little Karoo<\/a>) has a\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semi-desert\">semi-desert<\/a>climate and was known mostly for sheep and ostrich farming. Wine production in the area is largely centred on fortified &#8220;port-style&#8221; wine and Muscadels. KwaZulu-Natal was designated as a Geographical Unit in 2005 and is one of\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Africa\">South Africa<\/a>&#8216;s most recent wine regions. Current cultivars doing well in the growing wine region of KwaZulu-Natal are: Sauvignon Blanc, Pinotage, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. With mild summer temperatures, the region boasts South Africa&#8217;s coolest vineyards. The Eastern Cape grows grapes include: Chardonnay, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Pinotage, Sauvingnon Blanc and Shiraz.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>GRAPE VARIETIES<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>WHITE GRAPES:<\/strong> Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay, <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riesling\">Riesling<\/a>,<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>RED GRAPES:<\/strong> Pinotage, Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Semillon, <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruby_Cabernet\">Ruby Cabernet<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3992848 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3992848\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-355dafb\" data-id=\"355dafb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-889db50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"889db50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/South-Africa-wine-.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2822\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/South-Africa-wine-.jpg 590w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/South-Africa-wine--300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION &amp; HISTORY South African winehas a history dating back to 1659, with the first bottle produced in\u00a0Cape Town\u00a0by its founder\u00a0Jan van Riebeeck. The roots of the South African wine industry can be traced to the explorations of the\u00a0Dutch East India Company, which established a supply station in what is now\u00a0Cape Town. A Dutch surgeon,\u00a0Jan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":368,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2818","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>WINES OF SOUTH AFRICA - IHMNOTESSITE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u2022 The roots of the South African wine industry can be traced to the explorations of the Dutch East India Company, which established a supply station in what is now Cape Town. 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WO wines must only contain grapes from the specific area of origin. &quot;Single vineyard&quot; wines must come from a defined area of less than 5 hectares. \u2022 An &quot;Estate Wine&quot; can come from adjacent farms if they are farmed together and wine is produced on site. \u2022 A ward is an area with a distinctive soil type or climate and is roughly equivalent to a European appellation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WINES OF SOUTH AFRICA - IHMNOTESSITE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2022 The roots of the South African wine industry can be traced to the explorations of the Dutch East India Company, which established a supply station in what is now Cape Town. A Dutch surgeon, Jan van Riebeeck, was assigned the task of managing the station and planting vineyards to produce wines and grapes. \u2022 This was intended to ward off scurvy amongst sailors during their voyages along the spice route to India and the East. The first harvest was made on 2 February 1659 (as noted in Van Riebeeck&#039;s log) seven years after the landing in 1652\u2022 There are about 60 appellations within the Wine of Origin (WO) system, which was implemented in 1973 with a hierarchy of designated production regions, districts and wards. 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WO wines must only contain grapes from the specific area of origin. \"Single vineyard\" wines must come from a defined area of less than 5 hectares. \u2022 An \"Estate Wine\" can come from adjacent farms if they are farmed together and wine is produced on site. \u2022 A ward is an area with a distinctive soil type or climate and is roughly equivalent to a European appellation.","og_url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/","og_site_name":"IHMNOTESSITE","article_modified_time":"2020-10-21T12:08:48+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-1024x768.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/","url":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/","name":"WINES OF SOUTH AFRICA - IHMNOTESSITE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/home\/hmct-notes\/bhmct-2nd-year\/food-beverage-service-4th-sem\/wines-of-south-africa\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/SAW-1024x768.jpg","datePublished":"2020-10-21T12:04:54+00:00","dateModified":"2020-10-21T12:08:48+00:00","description":"\u2022 The roots of the South African wine industry can be traced to the explorations of the Dutch East India Company, which established a supply station in what is now Cape Town. 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