{"id":2451,"date":"2020-06-08T08:55:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T07:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/?page_id=2451"},"modified":"2020-06-08T09:02:57","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T08:02:57","slug":"accounting-system-in-front-office","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/index.php\/accounting-system-in-front-office\/","title":{"rendered":"ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN FO"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2451\" class=\"elementor elementor-2451\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9527199 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9527199\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d75c970\" data-id=\"d75c970\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e9ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"53e9ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ac.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2455\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ac.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ac-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihmnotessite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ac-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e28dd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e28dd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36c9c0d\" data-id=\"36c9c0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1afb234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1afb234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>FRONT OFFICE ACCOUNTING <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The accounting plays a vital role in front office department as it deals with the registration and checkout procedure of the guests.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Competencies for Front Office Accounting <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Summarize front office accounting fundamentals, including issues surrounding accounts, folios, vouchers, points of sale, and ledgers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Describe the process of creating and maintaining front office accounts.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Describe typical procedures for processing and tracking common front office accounting transactions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Describe internal control procedures for front office operations and explain typical settlement procedures.<\/span><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Create\/maintain accurate account records<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Track financial transactions<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ensure internal control<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Record settlement<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Accounts<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vouchers<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Points of sale<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ledgers <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An account is a form on which financial data are accumulated and summarized.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An account may be imagined as a bin that stores the results of various business transactions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Increases and decreases in an account are calculated and the resulting monetary amount is the account balance.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Any hotel financial transaction may affect several accounts.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In a T-account, charges are increases to the account balance and are entered on the left side of the T; payments are decreases and are entered on the right side.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The account balance is calculated by subtracting the T-account right-side total from the left-side total.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The left side of an account is called the debit (dr) side; the right side is called the credit (cr) side<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In a non-automated or semi-automated recordkeeping system, an account journal includes the following information: description of account, charges, payments, and balance.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Most front offices now use automated systems.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In a fully automated system, charges and payments may be listed in a single column with the amounts of payments placed within parentheses or noted with minus signs.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Guest and Non-Guest Accounts <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Guest accounts: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A guest account is a record of financial transactions that occur between a guest and the hotel<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guest accounts are created when guests guarantee their reservations or when they register at the front desk.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">During occupancy, the front office is responsible for and records all transactions affecting the guest account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The front office usually seeks payment for any outstanding guest balance during the settlement stage of the guest cycle.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Non-guest accounts:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Non-guest accounts are created to track deferred transactions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Examples of non-guest accounts:<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a hotel may extend charge privileges to local businesses\/agencies, and<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">a hotel may offer in-house charge privileges to groups sponsoring meetings at the hotel.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Non-guest accounts set up for local businesses\/agencies are called house accounts or city accounts; accounts set up for groups are called master accounts.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A non-guest account may also be created when a guest fails to settle his or her account at the time of departure; the responsibility for account settlement then shifts from the front office to the back office accounting division.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Folios <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Front office transactions are typically charged on account statements called folios.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A folio is a statement of all transactions (debits and credits) affecting the balance of a single account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When an account is created, it is assigned a folio with a starting balance of zero.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All transactions that increase (debits) or decrease (credits) the balance of the account are recorded on the folio.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At settlement, a guest folio should be returned to a zero balance by cash or by transferring the balance to an approved payment card or direct billing account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The process of recording transactions on a folio is called \u201cposting.\u201d<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A transaction is posted when it has been recorded on the proper folio in the proper location, and a new balance has been determined.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Types of Folios <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guest folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Master folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Non-guest or semi-permanent folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Employee folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Permanent folios<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Split folios<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Vouchers <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A voucher details a transaction to be posted to a front office account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A voucher lists detailed transaction information gathered at the source of the transaction (e.g., a hotel dining room or gift shop).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vouchers are sent or electronically transferred to the front office staff or system for posting.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Types of vouchers used in front office accounting: cash, charge, transfer, allowance, and paid-out.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Most automated front office systems require few paper vouchers.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Points of Sale <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Points of sale are the physical locations at which goods or services are purchased.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Any hotel department or area that collects revenues is a point of sale.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Large hotels typically support many points of sale: restaurants, lounges, room service, dry cleaning, valet service, parking garage, telephone service, fitness centers, athletic facilities, spas, and retail shops.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Some hotels offer guest-operated devices that function as self-service points of sale (in-room movie systems, Internet-access devices, in-room vending systems).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The volume of goods and services purchased at scattered points of sale within the hotel requires a complex internal accounting system.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An automated point-of-sale (POS) system enables remote terminals at the point of purchase to communicate directly with the front office system.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Automated POS systems significantly reduce the amount of time needed to post charges to guest folios, minimize the number of times transactional data must be handled, and virtually eliminate after-departure (late) charges.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">POS information includes transaction number, charge amount, name of POS outlet, guestroom number, name of the guest, and a brief description of the charge.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Guest\/City Ledgers <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A ledger is a summary grouping of accounts. The front office commonly separates accounts receivable into two subsidiary groups: the guest ledger (for guest receivables) and the city ledger (for non-guest receivables).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guest ledger:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Holds accounts of registered guests<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Holds accounts of advance deposits from future guests (credit balance)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Front office collects City ledger (non-guest ledgers):<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Holds guest ledgers not paid in full at check out<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Accounting department collects<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Creation and Maintenance of Accounts <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The task of accurately and completely recording all transactions that affect guest ledger accounts is the responsibility of the front office staff.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The front office may also be responsible for recording transactions affecting non-guest accounts (although usually the back office accounting division is responsible for settling these accounts).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guest folios are created during the reservations process or at the time of registration.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In an automated system, guest information is automatically transferred from an electronic reservation record or captured at registration and entered onto an electronic folio.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Electronic folios are automatically cross-referenced with other property management system records.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Automated systems can track an unlimited number of postings in each account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At check-in, reservations data are verified and combined with room rate information and the guest\u2019s room number to finalize an in-house electronic folio.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Electronic folios reduce the possibility of transactional account entry errors, as information need be handled only once.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Automated Recordkeeping Systems <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Point-of-sale transactions may be automatically posted to an electronic folio.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is unnecessary to manually maintain an account\u2019s previous balance in a fully automated system, since automated systems maintain current balances for all folios.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Charge Privileges <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To establish charge privileges, a guest may be required to present a valid payment card or a direct billing authorization at the time of registration; an automated system will allow credit to be established at the time a reservation record is created.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Typically, the hotel obtains the number and expiration date of the guest\u2019s payment card and electronically requests an amount guarantee from the card company.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Once a line of credit has been approved, guests can make charge purchases at hotel points of sale.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guests who use cash to pay for accommodations are typically not extended charge privileges; these guests are called paid-in- advance or PIA guests.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In an automated front office system, PIA accounts are usually set to a \u201cno-post\u201d status.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In addition to guests, local businesses or residents may apply to the hotel for charge privileges.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Credit Monitoring\/Credit Control<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Front office staff must monitor guest and non-guest accounts to ensure they remain within acceptable credit limits.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guests using a payment card may be extended a line of credit equal to the floor limit authorized by the card company; guests and non-guests with other credit arrangements are subject to credit limitations (house limits) set by the front office.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Accounts approaching their floor or house limit are called high-risk or high-balance accounts and must be carefully monitored by management.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For high-risk accounts, front office managers may ask the payment card company to authorize additional credit, or request that guests make a partial payment.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Some hotels may employ a full-time credit manager to review high-risk accounts. 3b<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Account Maintenance <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guest folios must be accurate, complete, and properly filed, since guests may inquire about their account or check out of the hotel with little or no notice.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Transaction postings must conform to a basic front office accounting formula: Front Office Accounting Formula Previous Balance + Debits \u2013 Credits = Net Outstanding Balance<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Debits increase the account balance, credits decrease the account balance.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Tracking Transactions <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Charge purchases must be correctly documented.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Front office staff members may rely on electronic vouchers for support documentation.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Transactional information from remote points of sale must be correctly communicated to the front office system.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A front office audit is intended to verify transactional data.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A transaction initiates activity within the front office accounting system.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Types of Front Office Transactions <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash payment<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Charge purchase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account correction<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account allowance<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account transfer<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash advance<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Accounting Cash Payment <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash payments to reduce a guest\u2019s outstanding balance are posted as credits to the guest or non-guest account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Front office personnel may use a cash voucher to document cash received.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Only cash payments made at the front desk will create entries that appear on a front office account folio; when cash payments are made at other hotel locations, they are accounted for at the point of sale.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Personal checks should be treated as cash; they need to be carefully scrutinized.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Checks should be paid in local currency.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Many hotels subscribe to a check guarantee service to ensure that the personal checks they receive are authentic.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Charge Purchase <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A charge purchase represents a deferred payment transaction.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If a charge purchase occurs somewhere other than the front desk, it must be communicated to the front desk system for proper folio posting; in non-automated systems, this is done through a charge voucher (also referred to as an account receivable voucher).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guests may charge purchases to their guestroom account when shopping in hotel retail outlets; merchants in these outlets must ask guests to present a room key and other forms of identification.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In hotels with automated systems, merchants can use the system to verify that a guest has an authorized guestroom account; if the account has a no-post status, the system will not accept the guest\u2019s charge(s).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hotels often are not liable for retail charges presented for posting after a guest has departed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Account Correction <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An account correction transaction resolves a posting error on a guest or non-guest folio.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account corrections are made on the same day as the error is discovered, before the close of business.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An account correction can either increase or decrease an account balance.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A correction voucher is used to document an account correction transaction.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usually the staff member posting the correction signs the correction voucher and presents it to the front office manager or supervisor on duty for review and<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Accounting Account Allowance <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account allowances involve two types of transactions.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">One type of account allowance is a decrease in the folio balance as compensation for poor service or as rebates for coupons and\/or other discounts.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Another type of account allowance corrects a posting error detected after the close of business. These error corrections must also be entered into the accounting records of the affected revenue centers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An account allowance is documented by the use of an allowance voucher; allowance vouchers usually require management approval.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Usually the staff member posting the allowance signs the allowance voucher and presents it to the front office manager or supervisor on duty for review and approval.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Account Transfer <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account transfers involve two different guest or non-guest accounts and tend to have offsetting impacts on subsequent account balances.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Example: when one guest offers to pay a charge posted to another guest\u2019s folio, the charge will need to be transferred from the first account to a second account.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A transfer voucher supports the reduction in balance on the originating folio and the increase in balance on the destination folio.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cash Advance <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash advances reflect cash flow out of the hotel\u2019s resources, either directly to, or on behalf of, a guest.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash advances are considered debit transactions, since they increase a guest folio\u2019s outstanding balance.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash advances are supported by cash advance vouchers.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cash disbursed by the front office staff on behalf of a guest (and charged to the guest\u2019s account as a cash advance) is typically called a paid-out.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A paid-out reduces the amount of cash held in the front office cash drawer.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Paid-outs should require a manager\u2019s approval before the cash is actually dispersed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Internal Control Functions <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Track transaction documents<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verify account entries and balances<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Identify vulnerabilities in the accounting system<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cash Banks <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A cash bank is the amount of cash assigned to a cashier to handle the various transactions that occur during a work shift.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The hotel may issue cash banks with a specific amount of money to each cashier.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The bank limit is the starting amount the bank should have when it is issued at the start of the shift.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cashiers typically sign for their banks at the beginning of their shifts and are the only people with access to their particular bank.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the end of the shift, the cashier deposits all cash, checks, and other negotiable instruments into the hotel safe (or other designated location).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">After the deposit is made, the bank should be back to its original bank limit.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In hotels that do not assign individual banks, cashiers usually pass the banks to the next shift after making their deposits and verifying the balance of the banks at the end of their shifts; the cashiers receiving the banks should also verify that the banks have the proper amount of cash in them.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When a cashier makes a deposit, another employee should witness the deposit and both employees should sign a log.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Net Cash Receipts, Overages, Shortages, and Due Backs Net cash receipts: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Net cash receipts are the amount of cash, checks, and other negotiable items in the cashier\u2019s drawer, minus the amount of the initial cash bank, plus any paid-outs. Overages:<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An overage occurs when, after the initial bank is removed, the total of the cash, checks, gift certificates, and paid-outs is greater than the net cash receipts.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Net Cash Receipts, Overages, Shortages, and Due Backs Shortages: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A shortage occurs when the total of the contents of the cash drawer is less than the net cash receipts.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Due backs: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A due back occurs when a cashier pays out more than he or she receives; in other words, there is not enough cash in the drawer to restore the initial bank.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Due backs are not unusual in front office operations.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Audit Controls <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Publicly held lodging companies are required to have both their front and back office accounting records audited yearly by an independent certified public accountant.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hotel companies with multiple properties often employ internal auditors who make unannounced visits to individual properties to review accounting procedures and records.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Settlement of Accounts <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The collection of payment for outstanding account balances is called account settlement.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Account settlement involves bringing an account balance to zero as a result of proper payments. \u2022 All guest accounts should be brought to a zero balance at the time of check-out.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guests may make payments against outstanding folio balances at any time prior to check-out.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Non-guest folio balances may be initially billed on the day of the transaction; settlement may be due in 15 to 30 days, depending on the hotel\u2019s policy.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When a guest account is paid, the folio is updated to indicate account settlement and closure.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sometimes a guest settles an account but a charge is posted in the system after the account has been closed; this is called a late charge.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Guests may dispute or refuse to pay a late charge, which often results in an account adjustment in the front office accounting system.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For more info go to the link: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/nicolehaywalters\/chapter-8-front-office-accounting<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FRONT OFFICE ACCOUNTING The accounting plays a vital role in front office department as it deals with the registration and checkout procedure of the guests. Competencies for Front Office Accounting Summarize front office accounting fundamentals, including issues surrounding accounts, folios, vouchers, points of sale, and ledgers. Describe the process of creating and maintaining front office [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2451","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN FO - IHMNOTESSITE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"FRONT OFFICE ACCOUNTING The accounting plays a vital role in front office department as it deals with the registration and checkout procedure of the guests.Competencies for Front Office Accounting 1. 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